Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh is a state with the most spectacular site in India, one of the Seven Wonders of the World, The Taj Mahal. Uttar Pradesh is the adjacent state to our capital city and is around 560 km. away from it. It has a rich and one of the cultures in India. It contributes to 16.5% population of India and has the largest population.
| Topic | Data/Facts |
| 1 History | 1.1 It was created on 1 April 1937 as the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh during British rule, and was renamed Uttar Pradesh in 1950, giving it the acronym UP. 1.2 Found in 24th January, 1950. |
| 2 Geography | 2.1 Climate: (i) Humid Subtropical Climate. (ii) The winter in January and February is followed by summer between March and May and the monsoon season between June and September. 2.2 Agriculture: (i) Wheat, Rice, Pulses, Oilseeds, and Potatoes are major agricultural products. (ii) Uttar Pradesh is a major contributor to the national food grain stock. (iii) Lakhimpur Kheri is a densely populated sugar-producing district in the country. It has been the most common producer of food grains in India since the 1950s, due to high-yielding varieties of seed, greater availability of fertilisers, and increased use of irrigation. (iv) Uttar Pradesh is one of the most important states in India as far as horticulture is concerned. Mangoes are also produced in the state. 2.3 Natural Resources: (i) Limestonen found in Guruma-Kanach-Bapuhari in Mirzapur district and Kajrahat in Sonebhadra district, (ii) Dolomite in Mirzapur, Sonebhadra and Banda, (iii) Glass-Sand in Karchhana of Allahabad district, Karwi in Banda district and Mau district; marble in Mirzapur and Sonebhadra, (iv) Bauxite in Rajhgewan in Banda district, (v) Non-plastic fireclay in Bansi and Makri-Khoh area of Mirzapur district, (vi) Uranium in Lalitpur district. (vii) Besides, Barytes and Edalusite are found in the districts of Mirzapur and Sonebhadra. (viii) Sand-stone, pebbles, reh, salt punter, maurang, sand and other minor minerals are also found in the State. 2.4 Major rivers: North-Flowing Rivers: Betwa, Dhasan, Chambal, Jamni, Karmanasa, Kanhar, Ken, Sindh, Rihand, Son, Tons or Tamsa. South-Flowing Rivers: The Ganga, Yamuna, Sarayu, Ghaghara or the Karnali, Hindon, Gomti, Kali, Ramganga, Kukrail, Rohni, West Rapti, Varuna. 2.5 Animals: Tiger, Lizards, Cobras, Kraits, Gharials, Doves, Peafowl, Junglefowl, Black Partridges, House Sparrows, Songbirds, Blue Jays, Parakeets, Quails, Bulbuls, Comb Ducks, Kingfishers, Woodpeckers, Snipes, Parrots. 2.6 Neighbouring States: Rajasthan – West Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi – North-West Uttarakhand and Nepal – North Bihar – East Madhya Pradesh – South Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh – South-East 2.7 Capital city: Lucknow 2.8 Total Land Area: (i) Total area is 240,928 sq. km. (ii) 4thlargest state in India. 2.9 Other Important Facts: The largest city is Kanpur. |
| 3 Forestry | 3.1 Forest: (i) Forest Cover: 14,805.65 sq. km. (ii) Very Dense Forest: 2,616.43 sq.km. (iii) Moderately Dense Forest: 4,080.04 sq. km. (iv) Open Forest: 8,109.18 sq. km. (Data as per ISFR 2019 assessment) 3.2 National Parks: Dudhwa National Park (Tiger Reserve) 3.3 Wild Life Sanctuary: (i) Suhelwa Wildlife Sanctuary, Balrampur (ii) Kishanpur Sanctuary, Lakhimpur Kheri (iii) Katarniaghat Sanctuary, Bahraich (iv) Hastinapur Sanctuary, Meerut (v) National Chambal Sanctuary, Agra (vi) Mahavir Swami Sanctuary, Lalit (vii) Ranipur Sanctuary, Chitrakoot (viii) Chandra Prabha Sanctuary, Chandauli (ix) Kaimoor Sanctuary, Mirzapur (x) Lakh Bahosi Sanctuary, Kannauj (xi) Samaspur Sanctuary, Rae Bareli (xii) Suhelva Sanctuary, Balrampur (xiii) Bakhira Sanctuary, Sant Kabir Nagar (xiv) Patna Sanctuary, Etah (xv) Sur Sarovar Sanctuary, Agra (xvi) Suraha Tal Sanctuary, Ballia (xvii) Vijai Sagar Sanctuary, Mahoba (xviii) Saman Sanctuary, Mainpuri (xix) Parvati Arga Sanctuary, Gonda (xx) Sohagi Barwa Sanctuary, Maharajganj (xxi) Kachhua Sanctuary, Varanasi 3.4 Birds Sanctuary: (i) Nawabganj Bird Sanctuary, Unnao (ii) Okhla Bird Sanctuary, Ghaziabad (iii) Sandi Bird Sanctuary, Hardoi (iv) Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar Bird Sanctuary, Pratapgarh (v) Jai Prakash Narayan (Surhatal) Bird Sanctuary, Basantpur 3.5 Tiger Reserves: Pilibhit Tiger Reserve, Pilibhit |
| 4 Economy | 4.1 Major Economic Data: (i) GDP Growth: 8.3% (2020-2021) (ii) GDP: ₹17.05 lakh crore (US$240 billion) (iii) GDP Rank: 3rd (iv) Per Capita Income: ₹65,431 (US$920) 4.2 Industries: Major industries are as under: – (i) Varanasi is a world-famous centre of handloom woven, embroidered textiles; the main products are Zari-embroidery and brocade-work on silk sarees. Lucknow is a centre of ‘Chikan’ embroidery, renowned for its grace and delicacy, a skill more than 200 years old. (ii) Uttar Pradesh produces about 15% of the total fabric production of the country. (iii) The state has two major production centres of leather and leather products, with over 11,500 units; Agra and Kanpur are the key centres. About 200 tanneries are located in Kanpur. (iv) Moradabad is renowned for brass work and has carved a niche for itself in the handicraft industry throughout the world. Lately, other products that are produced here like iron sheet metalwares, aluminium artworks, woodworks, and glasswares have become popular . (v) Meerut is one of the biggest gold markets in Asia. It is one of the largest exporters of sports-related items and musical instruments in the country. (vi) Bulandshahr is renowned for Khurja Pottery worldwide. There are nearly 23 export-oriented units and they are exported to foreign countries such as United Kingdom, United States, Australia, New Zealand, United Arab Emirates, and others. |
| 5 Transportation | 5.1 Air, Rail, Road Routes by Buses, Cars and Jeeps and Metro. 5.2 Other Important facts: (i) The Lucknow Airport is the second-busiest airport in North India after the Indira Gandhi International Airport, New Delhi. (ii) Lucknow Swarna Shatabdi Express is the second fastest Shatabdi train. (iii) Kanpur Shatabdi Express is the first train in India to get the new German LHB coaches. 5.3 Major Railway Stations (i) Kanpur Central (ii) Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Junction, Chandauli (iii) Jhansi Junction (iv) Lucknow Charbagh NR (v) Prayagraj Junction (vi) Mathura Junction (vii) Ghaziabad Junction (viii) Varanasi Junction (ix) Agra Cantonment (x) Gorakhpur Junction (xi) Lucknow City (xii) Lucknow Junction (xiii) Moradabad Junction (xiv) Bareilly Junction (xv) Gonda Junction (xvi) Saharanpur Junction (xvii) Basti (xviii) Tundla Junction (xix) Prayagraj Chheoki Junction (xx) Shahjahanpur 5.4 Major Air Ports: International Airports: (i) Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport, Lucknow (ii) Lal Bahadur Shastri International Airport, Varanasi Domestic Airports: (i) Agra Airport (ii) Allahabad Airport (iii) Bareilly Airport (iv) Ghaziabad Airport (v) Gorakhpur Airport (vi) Kanpur Airport Indian Air Force Station: Lucknow Air Force Station |
| 6 Infrastructures | 6.1 Power installed Capacity: (i) Total Power: 27295.70 MW (ii) Thermal: 19762.03 MW (iii) Nuclear: 289.48 MW (iv) Hydro: 3410.33 MW (v) Renewable Energy Source: 3833.86 MW |
| 7 Census and Demography | 7.1 Demographic Data: (i) Population: 199,812,341 (19.98 Crores) (ii) Male: 104,480,510 (iii) Female: 95,331,831 (iv) Gender Ratio: 912 females per 1000 males (v) Population Growth: 20.23% (vi) Percentage of total population of the country: 16.50% (vii) Density: 829/sq. km. (viii) Rural Population: 155,317,278 (77.73%) (ix) Urban Population: 44,495,063 (22.27%) (x) The most populous state in India (Based on 2011 census) 7.2 Major Religion followers: (i) Hinduism: 159,312,654 (79.73%) (ii) Christianity: 356,448 (0.18%) (iii) Islam: 38,483,967 (19.26%) (iv) Jainism: 213,267 (0.11%) (v) Buddhism: 206,285 (0.10%) (vi) Sikhism: 643,500 (0.32%) (Based on 2011 census) |
| 8 Culture | 8.1 Literature: Literary work is majorly found under categories: (i) Vedic Literature (ii) Hindi Literature (iii) Urdu Literature 8.2 Major Poets & Authors: (i) Jaishankar Prasad (ii) Maithili Sharan Gupt (iii) Munshi Premchand (iv) Suryakant Tripathi Nirala (v) Babu Gulabrai (vi) Sachchidananda Hirananda Vatsyayan ‘Agyeya’ (vii) Rahul Sankrityayan (viii) Harivansh Rai Bachchan (ix) Dharamvir Bharati (x) Subhadra Kumari Chauhan (xi) Mahavir Prasad Dwivedi (xii) Swami Sahajanand Saraswati (xiii) Dushyant Kumar (xiv) Hazari Prasad Dwivedi (xv) Acharya Kuber Nath Rai (xvi) Bharatendu Harishchandra (xvii) Kamleshwar Prasad Saxena (xviii) Shivmangal Singh Suman (xix) Mahadevi Varma (xx) Vibhuti Narain Rai 8.3 Major Festivals: (i) Diwali (ii) Rama Navami (iii) Kumbh Mela (iv) Lath Mar Holi (v) Taj Mahotsav (vi) Ganga Mahotsav (vii) Buddha Purnima (viii) Janmastami (ix) Vasant Panchami (x) Makar Sankranti (xi) Sardhana Christian Fair (xii) Maha Shivratri (xiii) Mahavir Janma Kalyanak (xiv) Moharram (xv) Kabob (xvi) Hanuman Jayanti 8.4 Folk Dance: (i) Kathak (ii) Ramlila (iii) Svanga 8.5 Major Religious Places: (i) Kashi Vishwanath Temple, Varanasi (ii) Dashashwamedh Ghat, Varanasi (iii) Banke Bihari mandir, Varanasi (iv) Vindhyavasini Temple, Mirzapur (v) Mathura & Vrindavan (vi) Ayodhya (vii) Chitrakoot (viii) Naimisaranya (ix) Prayagraj (x) Sarnath (xi) Kushinagar (xii) Kaushambi (xiii) Sankassa (xiv) Sravasti (xv) Parshvanatha (xvi) Deogarh (xvii) Bada Gaon (xviii) Bundelkhand |
| 9 Education | 9.1 State Literacy Data: (i) Total: 114,397,555 (67.68%) (ii) Male: 68,234,964 (77.28%) (iii) Female: 46,162,591 (57.18%) 9.2 Major Universities: (i) Amity University, Noida (ii) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow (iii) Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (iv) Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi (v) University of Lucknow, Lucknow (vi) Sharda University, Greater Noida (vii) University of Allahabad, Allahabad (viii) Chhatrapati Shahu Ji Maharaj University, Kalyanpur (ix) Shiv Nadar University, Dadri (x) Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur (xi) Bundelkhand University, Jhansi (xii) Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur 9.3 Major Institutions: (i) IIT Kanpur (ii) IIM Lucknow (iii) IIIT Allahabad (iv) Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Allahabad (v) IIT BHU, Varanasi (vi) Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow (vii) Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly (viii) Mahatma Gandhi Kashi Vidyapeeth, Varanasi (ix) Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Raebareli (x) National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Rae Bareli |
| 10 Tourism | 10.1 Uttar Pradesh is very diverse, with Himalayan foothills in the extreme north and the Gangetic Plain in the centre. It is also home of India’s most visited sites, the Taj Mahal, and Hinduism’s holiest city, 10.2 Major Tourist Spots: (i) The Taj Mahal, Agra (ii) Fatehpur Sikri, Agra (iii) Agra Fort (iv) Varanasi (v) Sarnath (vi) Mathura and Vrindavan (vii) Allahabad (viii) Ayodhya (ix) Lucknow |
| 11 Sports | 11.1 State Game: Uttar Pradesh is quite famous for its Archery, Boxing, Football, Kabaddi, Kho Kho, Swimming, Throw ball, Wrestling and Weight-lifting. 11.2 Major Stadium: (i) Ekana International Cricket Stadium, Lucknow (ii) Saifai International Cricket Stadium, Saifai (iii) Green Park Stadium, Kanpur (iv) K. D. Singh Babu Stadium, Lucknow (v) Dr. Akhilesh Das Stadium, Lucknow (vi) Major Dhyanchand Hockey Stadium, Lucknow (vii) Dr Sampurnanda Stadium, Varanasi 11.3 International Players from the state: Athletics: (i) Varun Singh Bhati (ii) Rajesh Bind (iii) Vijay Singh Chauhan (iv) Dharampal Singh Gudha (v) Mazhar-Ul-Haque Khan (vi) Indrajeet Patel (vii) Sanjay Kumar Rai (viii) Annu Rani (ix) Ankit Sharma (athlete) (x) Shaili Singh (xi) Sudha Singh (xii) Rakesh Kumar Yadav Hockey: (i) Devesh Chauhan (ii) Sita Gussain (iii) Zafar Iqbal (iv) Subodh Khandekar (v) Tushar Khandker (vi) Ashok Kumar (vii) Sumit Kumar |
| 12 Governance & Administrative Divisions | 12.1 Administrative divisions: (i) Number of Districts: 75 (ii) Number of Tehsils: 350 (iii) Number of Police Stations: 74 (iv) Number of Urban Towns: 64 (v) Number of Villages: 97,941 12.2 Official Languages: (i) Hindi (ii) Urdu (Additional Official Language) (Based on census-2011) 12.3 Constituent Facts: (i) Number of Assembly seats: 403 (ii) Number of Parliament seats: 80 (iii) Number of Rajya Sabha Seats: 31 (iv) Number of Gram Panchayats: 8135 (v) Legislature: Bicameral 12.4 Chief Minister: Yogi Adityanath (22nd Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh) First Chief Minister: Govind Ballabh Pant (1950) 12.5 Governor: Anandiben Patel (28th Governor of Uttar Pradesh) First Governor: Sir Hormasji Pherozeshah Modi (1950) 12.6 Judiciary: The Allahabad High Court, also known as High Court of Judicature at Allahabad was established on 17 March 1866, making it one of the oldest high courts to be established in India. (i) Number of Judges: 160 (ii) Permanent: 76 Addl: 84) (iii) Judge Retirement Age: 62 |
| 13 Other Important facts | 13.1 UNESCO World Heritage Sites: (i) The Taj Mahal (One of the Seven Wonders of the World) (ii) Fatehpur Sikri (iii) Agra Fort (iv) Iconic Riverfront of the Historic City of Varanasi (Proposed) (v) Ancient Buddhist Site, Sarnath (Proposed) 13.2 GI Tags: (i) Basmati Rice (ii) Allahabadi Surkha (iii) Banarasi Zartari and Saree (iv) Lucknow Chikankari (v) Malehibadi Dasheri Mango (vi) Hand made Carpet of Bhadohi – Mirzapur Region of UP (vii) Firozabad Glasswork (viii) Kannauj Fragrances (ix) Kanpur Saddlery (x) Moradabad Metallurgy (xi) Varanasi Kachmani (xii) Khurja Pottery (xiii) Saharanpur Wood Craft (xiv) Kalanamak rice (xv) Agra Durrie (xvi) Farrukhabad Prints (xvii) Lucknow Zardozi (xviii) Banaras Brocades and Sarees (xix) Meerut scissors (xx) Banaras Gulabi Meenakari Craft (xxi) Banaras Metal Repouse Craft (xxii) Varanasi Wooden Lacquerware & Toys (xxiii) Mirzapur Handmade Dari (xxiv) Nizamabadi black pottery (xxv) Gorakhpur Terracotta 13.3 Number of Archaeological Sites: (i) Archaeology of Ayodhya (ii) Bargaon (archaeological site) (iii) Fatehpur Sikri (iv) Jajmau (v) Jhusi (vi) Kagarol (vii) Kalpi (viii) Lahuradewa (ix) Lekhahia (x) Pratisthan Pur (Jhunsi) (xi) Sauripura (Dvaraka) (xii) Silk Road sites in India (xiii) Unnao gold treasure incident 13.4 State Symbols: State Animal: Barasingha State Flower: Palash State Bird: SarusCrane State Tree: Ashoka |
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