Jharkhand State
This newly-made state, Jharkhand is around 1300 km away from our capital. After this state was formed in 2000 after splitting from Bihar, it constitutes 2.72% population in India. Later on, this state has become quite famous for its rich natural resources industry.
| Topic | Data/Facts |
| 1 History | 1.1 Jharkhand was formed on 15th November, 2000 after splitting from Bihar. 1.2 ‘Jhar’ means Forest and ‘Khand’ means land. So the state name means ‘the land of forest’. |
| 2 Geography | 2.1 Climate: Jharkhand has varied climate of Humid subtropical at the north side and tropical wet and dry weather to the south-east portion. (i) The major seasons are summer, rainy, autumn, winter and spring. (ii) The summer lasts from mid-April to mid-June and May is the hottest month. (iii) The monsoon is from from mid-June to October. (iv) The winter season is from November to February. (v) Spring season lasts from mid-February to mid-April. 2.2 Agriculture: 2.2.1 The major crops in Jharkhand are rice, wheat, maize, pulses, potatoes, and vegetables such as tomato, carrots, cabbage, brinjal, pumpkin, and papaya. 2.2.2 Jharkhand has higher production of horticulture and forest products. 2.2.3 The state’s agricultural-development programs have especially emphasized the raising of livestock for meat, dairy products, and wool. 2.3 Natural Resources: Jharkhand has mineral ores ranging from (ranking in the country within bracket) from: (i) Iron ore (1st) (ii) Coal (3rd) (iii) Copper ore (1st) (iv) Mica (1st) (v) Bauxite (3rd) (vi) Manganese (vii) Limestone (viii) China Clay (ix) Fire Clay (x) Graphite (8th) (xi) Kainite (1st) (xii) Chromite (2nd) (xiii) Asbestos (1st) (xiv) Thorium (3rd) (xv) Sillimanite (xvi) Uranium (Jaduguda mines, Narwa Pahar) (1st) (xvii) Gold (Rakha Mines) (6th) (xviii) Silver 2.4 Major Rivers and Hills: Rivers: Ganga, Son, Subarnarekha, Kharkai, Damodar, Koel, Lilajan, Ajay, Mayurakshi and Barakar. Hills: Parasnath, Netarhat, Rajmahal Hills, Trikut and Tagore Hill. 2.5 Animals: Elephant, Bison, Wolf, Antelope, Rabbit, Fox, Sambhar, Wild boar, Squirrel, Blue bull, Mongoose, Jackal, Honey badger, Malabar giant, Tiger, Deer, Langur, Rhesus, Python, Porcupine, Wild cat etc. 2.6 Neighbouring States: Bihar – North Uttar Pradesh – North-West Chhattisgarh – West Odisha – South West Bengal – East 2.7 Capital city: Ranchi 2.8 Total Land Area: (i) Total area is 79,716 sq. km. (ii) 15th largest state in India. (In Area) 2.9 Other Important Facts: 2.9.1 The largest city is Jamshedpur. 2.9.2 Sub-capital is Dumka. |
| 3 Forestry | 3.1 Forest: (i) Forest Cover: 23,611.41 sq. km. (ii) Very Dense Forest: 2,603.20 sq. km. (iii) Moderately Dense Forest: 9,687.36 sq. km. (iv) Open Forest: 11,320.85 sq. km. (Data as per ISFR 2019 assessment) 3.2 National Parks: Betla National Park, Latehar and Palamu 3.3 Wild Life Sanctuary: (i) Dalma Wildlife Sanctuary, Jamshedpur (ii) Hazaribag Wildlife Sanctuary, Ranchi (iii) Gautam Budha Wildlife Sanctuary, Koderma (iv) Koderma Wildlife Sanctuary, Koderma (v) Lawalong Wildlife sanctuary, Lawalong (vi) Mahauadanr Wildlife Sanctuary, Orsa (vii) Palkot Wildlife Sanctuary, Simdega (viii) Parasnath Wildlife Sanctuary, Giridih (ix) Topchanchi Wildlife Sanctuary, Dhanbad (x) Udhwa Lake Wildlife Sanctuary, Chatradiha 3.4 Elephant Sanctuary: Singhbhum Elephant Sanctuary, Singhbhum 3.5 Tiger Reserves: Palamau Tiger Reserve, Palamu |
| 4 Economy | 4.1 Major Economic Data: (i) GDP: ₹4.70 lakh crore (2024-25) (ii) GDP Rank: 19th (iii) Per Capita Income: ₹1,07,436 (30th in India) 4.2 Industries: 4.2.1 In Jharkhand, Information technology, transportation and infrastructure, agriculture, and local craft production have been among the prioritized sectors. 4.2.2 Traditional artisan-based cottage industries are the major manufacturing workforce of Jharkhand. 4.2.3 Sericulture is also quite famous here. 4.2.4 Some manufacturers go for lac and glasswork, handloom products, brassware, stone carvings, cane and bamboo products, various woodworks, and pottery. 4.2.5 This state has sheet-glass manufacturing at Kandra in West Singhbhum. 4.2.6 Among the principal agricultural industries are sugar refining, tobacco processing, and jute milling. |
| 5 Transportation | 5.1 Air, Rail and Road are the major means of transport in Jharkhand. 5.2 Major Railway Stations (i) Dhanbad (ii) Tatanagar (iii) Jasidih (iv) Koderma (v) Bokaro Steel City (vi) Ranchi (vii) Hatia (viii) Madhupur (ix) Chakradharpur (x) Parasnath (xi) Daltonganj (xii) Pakur (xiii) Jamtara (xiv) Kumardubi (xv) Barakar 5.3 Major Air Ports: Domestic Airports: Birsa Munda Airport, Ranchi Indian Air Force Stations: Chakulia Airport |
| 6 Infrastructures | 6.1 Power installed Capacity: (i) Total Power: 2524.44 MW (ii) Thermal: 2276.46 MW (iii) Nuclear: 0 (iv) Hydro: 191.00 MW (v) Renewable Energy Source: 56.98 MW |
| 7 Census and Demography | 7.1 Demographic Data: (i) Population: 32,988,134 (3.3 Crores) (ii) Male: 16,930,315 (iii) Female: 16,057,819 (iv) Gender Ratio: 948 females per 1000 males (v) Population Growth: 22.42% (vi) Percentage of total population of the country: 2.72% (vii) Density: 414/sq. km. (viii) Rural Population: 25,055,073 (75.95%) (ix) Urban Population: 7,933,061 (24.05%) (x) 14th most populous state in India (Based on 2011 census) 7.2 Major Religion followers: (i) Hinduism: 22,376,051 (67.83%) (ii) Christianity: 1,418,608 (4.30%) (iii) Islam: 4,793,994 (14.53%) (iv) Jainism: 14,974 (0.05%) (v) Buddhism: 8,956 (0.03%) (vi) Sikhism: 71,422 (0.22%) (Based on 2011 census |
| 8 Culture | 8.1 Literature: Literary work is majorly found under categories: (i) Hindi (ii) Angika (iii) Bhojpuri (iv) Santhali (v) Ho (vi) Kharia (vii) Oraon (viii) Mundari (ix) Khortha (x) Nagpuri (Sadri) (xi) Maithili 8.2 Major Poets & Authors: (i) Bulu Imam (ii) Khagendra Thakur (iii) Nikita Singh (iv) Pankaj Dubey (v) Shiv Khera (vi) Tuhin Sinha (vii) Anuj Lugun (viii) Dalel Singh (ix) Ghasiram Mahli (x) Lal Ranvijay Nath Shahdeo (xi) Raghunath Shah (xii) Ram Krishna Singh 8.3 Major Festivals: (i) Sarhul (ii) Tusu Parab (iii) Rath Yatra (iv) Chhath Puja (v) Durga Puja (vi) Karam (vii) Jitia (viii) Mansa Puja (ix) Diwali (x) Sohrai/Bandna (xi) Phagua/Holi (xii) Dussehra (xiii) Ram Navami (xiv) Mage Porob (xv) Makar Sankranti 8.4 Folk Dance: (i) Jhumar (ii) Mardana Jhumair (iii) Janani Jhumair (iv) Domkach (v) Lahasua (vi) Fagua (vii) Paika (viii) Chhau 8.5 Major Religious Places: (i) Parasnath (ii) Baidyanath Dham (iii) Rajrappa (iv) Jagannath Temple (v) Dewri Temple |
| 9 Education | 9.1 State Literacy Data: (i) Total: 18,328,069 (66.41%) (ii) Male: 10,882,519 (76.84%) (iii) Female: 7,445,550 (55.42%) 9.2 Major Universities: (i) Ranchi University, Ranchi (ii) Central University of Jharkhand, Ranchi (iii) Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribag (iv) Kolhan University, Chaibasa (v) Birsa Agricultural University, Ranchi (vi) ICFAI University, Jharkhand, Ranchi (vii) Sido Kanhu Murmu University, Dumka (viii) National University of Study and Research in Law, Ranchi (ix) Nilamber-Pitamber University, Medininagar (x) Binod Bihari Mahto Koyalanchal University, Dhanbad (xi) Jharkhand Rai University, Ranchi (xii) Sai Nath University, Ranchi (xiii) Usha Martin University, Ranchi (xiv) Sarala Birla University, Ranchi (xv) Arka Jain University, Gamharia (xvi) Pragyan International University, Ranchi (xvii) YBN University, Ranchi (xviii) Jharkhand Raksha Shakti University, Ranchi 9.3 Major Institutions: (i) IIT (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad (ii) NIT Jamshedpur (iii) Birla Institute of Technology, Ranchi |
| 10 Tourism | 10.1 This state is known for hills, waterfalls and holy places to visit as per the tourism point of view. 10.2 Major Tourist Spots: (i) Dassam Falls, Ranchi (ii) Hirni Falls, West Singhbhum (iii) Hundru Falls, Ranchi (iv) Jonha Falls, Ranchi (v) Lodh Falls, Latehar (vi) Lower Ghaghri Falls, Latehar (vii) Panchghagh Falls, Khunti (viii) Rajrappa, Ramgarh (ix) Sadni Falls, Gumla (x) Sita Falls, Ramgarh (xi) Usri Falls, Giridih (xii) Getalsud Dam, Ranchi (xiii) Kanke Dam, Ranchi (xiv) Khandoli Dam, Giridih (xv) Konar Dam, Hazaribagh (xvi) Maithon Dam, Dhanbad (xvii) Panchet Dam, Dhanbad (xviii) Tenughat Dam, Bokaro (xix) Palamu Forts, Palamu (xx) Navratangarh, Gumla (xxi) Megalith Prehistoric Monument, Pakri Barwadih, Hazaribagh (xxii) Cave Paintings, Isko, Hazaribagh |
| 11 Sports | 11.1 Jharkhand has a popularity regarding sports achievement throughout India. It has some renowned sports personalities who have won awards and recognitions in this sector. 11.2 Major Stadium: (i) JSCA International Cricket Stadium, Ranchi (ii) Birsa Munda Athletics Stadium, Ranchi (iii) JRD Tata Sports Complex, Jamshedpur (iv) Keenan Stadium, Jamshedpur (v) Birsa Munda Football Stadium, Ranchi 11.3 International Players from the state: Cricket: (i) MS Dhoni (ii) Shubhalakshmi Sharma (iii) Varun Aaron Archery: (i) Deepika Kumari (ii) Laxmirani Majhi (iii) Madhumita Kumari (iv) Mangal Singh Champia (v) Purnima Mahato Hockey: (i) Bimal Lakra (ii) Birendra Lakra (iii) Jaipal Singh Munda (iv) Kanti Baa (v) Manohar Topno (vi) Masira Surin (vii) Michael Kindo (viii) Nikki Pradhan (ix) Pushpa Pradhan (x) Sylvanus Dung Dung (xi) Sumrai Tete Boxing: (i) Aruna Mishra (ii) Diwakar Prasad |
| 12 Governance & Administrative Divisions | 12.1 Administrative divisions: (i) Number of Districts: 24 ( 05 Divisions) (ii) Number of Tehsils: 210 (iii) Number of Urban Towns: 11 (iv) Number of Villages: 32,615 12.2 Official Languages: (i) Hindi (ii) Angika, Bengali, Bhojpuri, Ho, Kharia, Khortha, Kurmali, Kurukh, Magahi, Maithili, Mundari, Nagpuri, Odia, Santali and Urdu. (Additional Official Languages) (Based on census-2011) 12.3 Constituent Facts: (i) Number of Assembly seats: 81 (ii) Number of Parliament seats: 14 (iii) Rajyasabha Seats : 06 (iii) Number of Gram Panchayats: 4,423 (iv) Legislature: Unicameral 12.4 Chief Minister: Hemant Soren (From 04 July,2024) 12.4.1 1st Chief Minister : Babulal Marandi ( 15/11/2000 to 18/03/2003) 12.5 Governor: Santosh Gangwar (11th Governor) (From 27 July, 2024) 12.5.1 1st Governor : Prabhat Kumar (15/11/2000 to 03/02/2002) 12.6 Judiciary: The Jharkhand High Court is one of the newest High Courts in India. It was established in 2000. (i) Number of Judges: 21 (ii) Judge Retirement Age: 62 12.6 Official website: https://jharkhand.gov.in |
| 13 Other Important facts | 13.1 UNESCO World Heritage Sites: No UNESCO World Heritage Site is there in Jharkhand. 13.2 GI Tags: Sohrai & Khovar Painting 13.3 State Symbols: State Animal: Indian Elephant State Bird: Koel State Flower: Palash State Tree: Sal |
