Haryana
Haryana is only 120 km. away from our capital, Delhi and consists of 2.09% population of India. It is known as the Milk Pail of India because of its high yield of milk. Haryana state is also quite remarkable in terms of its agriculture.
| Topic | Data/Facts |
| 1 History | 1.1 Haryana was formed on 1st November, 1966. 1.2 It split from the former state of East Punjab. |
| 2 Geography | 2.1 Climate: 2.1.1 Haryana is extremely hot in summer at around 45 °C (113 °F) and mild in winter. 2.1.2 The hottest months are May and June and the coldest December and January. 2.1.3 The climate is arid to semi-arid. 2.2 Agriculture: (i) Major vegetables are Potato, Onion, Tomato, Cauliflower, Brinjal, Gourd, Peas and leafy vegetables. (ii) The fruit crops are Guava, Mango, Chikoo, Amla and Citrus fruits. (iii) The spices produced here are Garlic, Fenugreek, Ginger etc. (iv) The flower production is significant here. The flowers like marigold, gladiolus, rose along with some medicinal plants like alow vera and stevia. (v) Haryana is well known for its high-yield Murrah buffalo. Other breeds of cattle native to Haryana are Haryanvi, Mewati, Sahiwal and Nili-Ravi. (vi) Other than these, Haryana produces high yield of Wheat, Rice, Sugarcane, cotton and oilseeds. (vii) Because of high yield of milk, this state is called “The Milk Pail of India”. 2.3 Natural Resources: (i) The state is the principal holder of country’s resources of tin (64%), quartz-silica sand (52%) and quartzite (49%). (ii) The principal minerals occuring in Haryana are china clay in Faridabad, Gurgaon and Rewari districts; limestone in Ambala, Bhiwani, Mahendragarh and Pachkula districts; quartz/slica sand in Bhiwani, Faridabad, Gurgaon and Mahendragarh districts; quartzite in Faridabad and Gurgaon districts; slate in Mahendragarh and Gurgaon districts. (iii) Other minerals, such as, barytes, calcite, felspar and marble occur in Mahendragarh district; copper in Bhiwani and Mahendragarh districts; dolomite in Ambala and Mahendragarh districts; granite in Bhiwani district; tin and tungsten mineralisations in Tosham area of Bhiwani district have also been reported. 2.4 Major Rivers and Dams: Rivers: Yamuna, Ghaggar-Hakra, Chautang, Tangri, Kaushalya, Markanda, Sarsuti, Dangri and Somb. Canals: Western Yamuna Canal, Sutlej Yamuna link canal and Indira Gandhi Canal. Dams: Kaushalya, Hathnikund, Tajewala, Pathrala, Ottu and Anagpur. Lakes: Badkhal, Basai, Dighal, Blue Bird, Karna, Surajkund, Tilyar, Damdama and Hathni Kund. Hot Springs: Pandu Teerth Kund, Surya Kund, Kukkar Kund, Gyarasia Kund or Vyas Kund and Sohna. Waterfalls: Tikkar Taal and Dhosi. 2.5 Animals: Major animals are black buck, nilgai, panther, fox, mongoose, jackal and wild dog. More than 450 species of birds are found here. 2.6 Neighbouring States: Himachal Pradesh – North-East Uttar Pradesh – East Rajasthan – West and South Punjab – North 2.7 Capital city: Chandigarh 2.8 Total Land Area: (i) Total area is 44,212 sq. km. (ii) 21st largest state in India. 2.9 Other Important Facts: (i) Since Haryana surrounds the country’s capital Delhi on three sides (north, west and south), consequently a large area of Haryana is included in the economically important NCR for the purposes of planning and development. (ii) Faridabad is the largest city in Haryana. |
| 3 Forestry | 3.1 Forest: (i) Forest Cover: 1,602.44 sq. km. (ii) Very Dense Forest: 28.00 sq. km. (iii) Moderately Dense Forest: 450.90 sq. km. (iv) Open Forest: 1,123.54 sq. km. (Data as per ISFR 2019 assessment) 3.2 National Parks: (i) Kalesar National Park, Yamunanagar (ii) Sultanpur National Park, Sultanpur 3.3 Wild Life Sanctuary: (i) Bhindawas Wildlife Sanctuary, Jhajjar (ii) Chhilchhila Wildlife Sanctuary, Kurukshetra (iii) Abubshahar Wildlife Sanctuary, Sirsa (iv) Bir Shikargah Wildlife Sanctuary, Panchkula (v) Nahar Wildlife Sanctuary, Rewari (vi) Khol Hi-Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary, Panchkula 3.4 Birds Sanctuary: Khaparwas Wildlife Sanctuary, Jhajjar |
| 4 Economy | 4.1 Major Economic Data: (i) GDP Growth: 7.7% (2019–20 est.) (ii) GDP: ₹8.31 lakh crore (US$120 billion) (2019–20) (iii) GDP Rank: 13th (iv) Per Capita Income: ₹264,207 (US$3,700) (2019–20) (v) Per Capita Rank: 5th 4.2 Industries: Major industries are as under: – (i) The city is home to large-scale MNC companies like India Yamaha Motor Pvt. Ltd., Havells India Limited, JCB India Limited, Escorts Group, Indian Oil (R&D), and Larsen & Toubro (L&T). Eyewear e-tailer Lenskart and healthcare startup Lybrate have their headquarters in Faridabad. (ii) Hissar, a NCR Counter Magnet city known as steel and cotton spinning hub as well as upcoming integrated industrial aerocity and aero MRO hub at Hisar Airport. (iii) Panipat has heavy industry, including a refinery operated by the Indian Oil Corporation, a urea manufacturing plant operated by National Fertilizers Limited and a National Thermal Power Corporation power plant. It is known for its woven modhas or round stools. (iv) Sonipat has IMT Kundli, Nathupur, Rai and Barhi are industrial areas with several Small and medium-sized enterprises, including come large ones such as Atlas cycles, E.C.E., Birla factory, OSRAM. (v) Gurgaon has IMT Minesar, Dundahera and Sohna are industrial and logistics hubs. |
| 5 Transportation | 5.1 Air, Rail, Road, Metro and Skyway are the major transportation means of Haryana. 5.2 Other Important facts: (i) Haryana has a total road length of 26,062 kilometres (16,194 mi), including 2,482 kilometres (1,542 mi) 29 national highways. (ii) Rail network in Haryana is covered by five rail divisions under three rail zones. Diamond Quadrilateral High-speed rail network, Eastern Dedicated Freight Corridor (72 km) and Western Dedicated Freight Corridor (177 km) pass through Haryana. (iii) Delhi Metro connects the national capital Delhi with NCR cities of Faridabad, Gurgaon and Bahadurgarh. (iv) The Haryana and Delhi governments have constructed the 4.5-kilometre (2.8 mi) international standard Delhi Faridabad Skyway, the first of its kind in North India, to connect Delhi and Faridabad. 5.3 Major Railway Stations (i) Ambala Cantonment (ii) Sonipat (iii) Panipat Junction (iv) Rewari Junction (v) Gurgaon (vi) Faridabad (vii) Rohtak Junction (viii) Palwal (ix) Hisar Junction (x) Kalka (xi) Karnal (xii) Kurukshetra Junction (xiii) Bahadurgarh (xiv) Pataudi Road (xv) Ballabgarh (xvi) Bhiwani Junction (xvii) Ganaur (xviii) Sirsa (xix) Faridabad New Town (xx) Yamunanagar Jagadhri 5.4 Major Air Ports: Domestic Airports: (i) Karnal Airport (ii) Gurugram Airstrip Indian Air Force Stations: (i) Ambala Air Force Station (ii) Sirsa Air Force Station |
| 6 Infrastructures | 6.1 Power installed Capacity: (i) Total Power: 12455.63 MW (ii) Thermal: 9346.18 MW (iii) Nuclear: 100.94 MW (iv) Hydro: 2315.32 MW (v) Renewable Energy Source: 693.19 MW 6.2 Some Power Plants: Hydroelectricity: (i) Bhakra-Nangal Dam Hydroelectric Power Plant (ii) WYC Hydro Electric Station Solar Power: Faridabad Solar Power Plant Nuclear Power: Gorakhpur Nuclear Power Plant Coal-Fired Thermal Power: (i) Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram Thermal Power Station, 600MW, Yamunanagar (ii) Indira Gandhi Super Thermal Power Project, 1500MW, Jhajjar (iii) Jhajjar Power Station, 1500MW (iv) Panipat Thermal Power Station I, 440MW (v) Panipat Thermal Power Station II, 920MW (vi) Rajiv Gandhi Thermal Power Station, 1200MW, Hisar |
| 7 Census and Demography | 7.1 Demographic Data: (i) Population: 25,351,462 (2.54 Crores) (ii) Male: 13,494,734 (iii) Female: 11,856,728 (iv) Gender Ratio: 879 females per 1000 males (v) Population Growth: 19.90% (vi) Percentage of total population of the country: 2.09% (vii) Density: 573/sq. km. (viii) Rural Population: 16,509,359 (65.12%) (ix) Urban Population: 8,842,103 (34.88%) (x) 18th most populous state in India (Based on 2011 census) 7.2 Major Religion followers: (i) Hinduism: 22,171,128 (87.46%) (ii) Christianity: 50,353 (0.20%) (iii) Islam: 1,781,342 (7.03%) (iv) Jainism: 52,613 (0.21%) (v) Buddhism: 7,514 (0.03%) (vi) Sikhism: 1,243,752 (4.91%) (Based on 2011 census) |
| 8 Culture | 8.1 Literature: Literary work is majorly found under categories: (i) Hindi (ii) Punjabi (iii) Urdu (iv) Haryanvi 8.2 Major Poets & Authors: (i) Deedar Singh (ii) Bhai Santokh Singh (iii) Sahib Singh Mrigendra (iv) Bagg Singh (v) Ujjawal Singh (vi) Joginder Singh (vii) Bishambar Nath Kaushik (viii) Tulsi Ram Sharma (ix) Pt. Neki Ram Sharma (x) Uday Bhanu Hans (xi) Bhai Parmanad (xii) Geminey Haryanvi 8.3 Major Festivals: (i) Lohri (ii) Holi (iii) Janmastami (iv) Haryana Day (v) Gangore (vi) Baisakhi (vii) Gugga Naumi (viii) Pinjore Heritage Festival (ix) Kartik Fair (x) Surajkund Mela 8.4 Folk Dance: (i) Saang (ii) Ragini (iii) Chaupaiya (iv) Raslila (v) Phaag (vi) Sawan (vii) Teej (viii) Gugga (ix) Been (x) Kissa (xi) Jhoomar (xii) Loor (xiii) Khoria (xiv) Dhamal (xv) Ghoomar 8.5 Major Religious Places: (i) Kurukshetra Shiva Temple (ii) Kalayat Ancient Bricks Temple Complex (iii) Bhima Devi Temple Site Museum (iv) Bhuteshwar Temple (v) Chhapadeshwar Mahadev Mandir (vi) Dehra Temple (vii) Ekalavya Temple (viii) Mata Mansa Devi Mandir (ix) Pindara Temple (x) Sthaneshwar Mahadev Temple (xi) Sheetla Mata Mandir Gurgaon (xii) Sita Mai Temple (xiii) Radha Swami Satsang, Dinod |
| 9 Education | 9.1 State Literacy Data: (i) Total: 16,598,988 (75.55%) (ii) Male: 9,794,067 (84.06%) (iii) Female: 6,804,921 (65.94%) 9.2 Major Universities: (i) Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra (ii) Ashoka University, Sonipat (iii) O.P. Jindal Global University, Sonipat (iv) Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana (v) Pt. Bhagwat Dayal Sharma University of Health Sciences, Rohtak (vi) The Northcap University, Gurgaon (vii) Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar (viii) Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak (ix) BML Munjal University, Gurgaon (x) Chaudhary Ranbir Singh University, Jind (xi) Deenbandhu Chhotu Ram University of Science and Technology, Murthal (xii) K.R. Mangalam University, Gurgaon (xiii) J.C. Bose University of Science and Technology, Faridabad (xiv) Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurgaon (xv) Central University of Haryana, Mahendragarh (xvi) Apeejay Stya University, Gurgaon (xvii) Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (xviii) Sushant University, Gurgaon (xix) GD Goenka University, Gurgaon (xx) Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar (xxi) State University of Performing and Visual Arts, Rohtak 9.3 Major Institutions: (i) NIT Kurukshetra (ii) National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal (iii) National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management, Sonipat |
| 10 Tourism | 10.1 There are 21 tourism hubs created by Haryana Tourism, which are located in Ambala, Bhiwani Faridabad, Fatehabad, Gurgaon, Hisar, Jhajjar, Jind, Kaithal, Karnal, Kurukshetra, Panchkula, Sirsa, Sonipat, Panipat, Rewari, Rohtak, Yamunanagar, Palwal and Mahendergarh. 10.2 Major Tourist Spots: (i) Sheikh Chilli’s Tomb, Kurukshetra (ii) Bronze chariot of Lord Krishna and Arjuna at Kurukshetra (iii) Asigarh Fort (iv) Blue Bird Lake (v) Badkhal Lake (vi) Suraj Kund (vii) Nahar Singh Mahal (viii) Pinjore Gardens |
| 11 Sports | 11.1 State Game: Haryana has some spectacular sports history. Recently, Tokyo Olympic Games has shown it again. Several medals including gold are won by the sportsmen from Haryana. 11.2 Major Stadium: (i) Mahabir Stadium, Hisar (ii) Tau Devi Lal Stadium, Gurgaon (iii) Chaudhary Bansi Lal Cricket Stadium, Rohtak 11.3 International Players from the state: Badminton: Saina Nehwal Wrestling: (i) Sakshi Malik (ii) Ravi Dahiya (iii) Bajrang Puniya (iv) Geeta Phogat (v) Babita Kumari Athletics: Neeraj Chopra (Javelin Throw) Cricket: (i) Yuzvendra Chahal (ii) Pardeep Sahu (iii) Navdeep Saini (iv) Joginder Sharma (v) Rahul Tewatia |
| 12 Governance & Administrative Divisions | 12.1 Administrative divisions: (i) Number of Districts: 22 (ii) Number of Tehsils: 93 (iii) Number of Police Stations: 56,747 (iv) Number of Urban Towns: 154 (v) Number of Villages: 6,848 12.2 Official Languages: (i) Hindi (ii) English and Punjabi (Additional Official Languages) (Based on census-2011) 12.3 Constituent Facts: (i) Number of Assembly seats: 90 (ii) Number of Parliament seats: 10 (iii) Number of Rajya Sabha Seats: 5 (iv) Number of Gram Panchayats: 6,222 (v) Legislature: Unicameral 12.4 Chief Minister: Nayab Singh Saini (11th Chief Minister of Haryana) (From 12/03/2024) 12.4.1 First Chief Minister: Bhagwat Dayal Sharma (Undivided Punjab in 1966) 12.5 Governor: Bandaru Dattatreya (17th Governor) ( From 07/07/2021) 12.5.1 First Governor: Dharma Vira (Undivided Punjab in 1966) (01/11/1966 to 14/09/1967) 12.6 Judiciary: Punjab and Haryana High Court is the common High Court for the Indian states of Punjab and Haryana and the Union Territory of Chandigarh based in Chandigarh, India. It was established in 1919. (i) Number of Judges: 85 (ii) (Permanent: 64 Addl: 21) (iii) Judge Retirement Age: 62 |
| 13 Other Important facts | 13.1 UNESCO World Heritage Sites: No UNESCO World Heritage Site is there in Haryana. 13.2 GI Tags: (i) Basmati Rice (ii) Phulkari 13.3 Number of Archaeological Sites: (i) Indus Valley Civilisation sites (ii) Markanda River (Haryana) (iii) Gharuanda Gateways of Old Mughal Sarai (iv) Firoz Shah Palace Complex (v) Adi Badri, Haryana (vi) Agroha Mound (vii) Asigarh Fort (viii) Indori river (ix) Dhosi Hill (x) Madhogarh Fort (xi) Morni Fort 13.4 State Symbols: State Animal: Blackbuck State Flower: Lotus State Bird: Black francolin State Tree: Peepal |
